According to research, allowing planned US green hydrogen projects to use existing renewable energy sources could result in 1.5 to five times higher greenhouse gas emissions than from gray hydrogen production. This is  because the renewable energy which would have been used by the grid would have to be replaced by new coal and gas fired power that would not otherwise have been generated. With this in mind, how do we ensure that the green hydrogen transition achieves its decarbonization goals?

• Addressing the Renewable Energy Elephant: the green hydrogen economy will require an estimated 850GW of power globally by 2030, how do we scale up to reach this figure?
• Exploring the need for mandates or subsidies to accelerate renewable energy growth, and the government's role in scaling renewables.
• Analyzing the cost dynamics of green hydrogen and the potential for increased renewable energy adoption to drop to as low as $1.40/kg by 2030.

• A deep dive into the future of the seven DOE-anointed Regional Clean Hydrogen Hubs due to receive $7 billion of federal funding and how they plan to reach their goals for clean hydrogen deployment.
• Exploring the realistic timelines for the completion of those projects to start producing hydrogen, and the implications for areas and hubs that didn't receive the necessary funding.
• Hydrogen Production Tax Credits: Delving into the IRA’s 45V PTC, which awards up to $3/kg of hydrogen produced based on lifecycle greenhouse gas emission intensity.

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• Delving into how the transition from coal to hydrogen might reshape the global steel industry, with an opportunity to eliminate the 9% of global emissions steel is responsible for.
• Highlighting the challenges and advancements in producing green steel at scale, with a need for a 20% increase in electricity production for full steel industry decarbonization.
• Discussing the cost implications of transitioning to hydrogen, with the potential for steel prices to align with conventional methods by 2030 due to decreasing green hydrogen costs.

• Exploring how production tax credits for green hydrogen can be aligned with the carbon intensity at production, and can bring down the costs of hydrogen projects.
• Analyzing the dynamics of PPAs and RECs in the context of green hydrogen projects, as a method of financing deployment.
• Green hydrogen as a solution for curtailment: Discussing the potential of using excess wind and solar power for green hydrogen production, a strategy that could substantially lower electricity costs.

• Addressing concrete's contribution of 8% to global annual carbon emissions, with a demand equivalent to constructing a city the size of Paris every week for the next 40 years.
• Exploring green hydrogen as potential substitutes in cement production, considering challenges like current burner designs and the industry's gradual roadmap towards hydrogen adoption by 2040.
• Focusing on the sustainability commitments of a major cement producer, their drivers to decarbonise, and their roadmap to net zero.

• Delving into the rationale behind selecting specific electrolyzer technologies, with firsthand accounts from users on their experiences, challenges, and the reasons for their choices.
• Exploring the practical challenges faced during electrolyzer operation, from technical issues to integration with renewable energy sources, and the strategies employed to address them.
• Analyzing the current cost dynamics of electrolyzers, the potential for improved returns with the introduction of hubs and tax credits, and the trajectory of the market in the coming years.

• Addressing the debate on blending hydrogen up to 20% in existing pipelines versus the investment required for dedicated hydrogen pipelines. When is it more cost-effective to build from scratch?
• Exploring the feasibility and extent of retrofitting required to adapt current natural gas infrastructure for hydrogen.
• Delving into the challenges related to permitting, regulations, and standards in the hydrogen sector, with insights into the lengthy bureaucratic processes in the US and their implications for hydrogen pipeline projects.

• Addressing the barriers to private investment in hydrogen projects, including high initial capital costs, market uncertainty, and technological risks.
• Discussing the role of policy, especially the U.S. hydrogen hubs program, backed by $7 billion, and how that aims to unlock tens of billions in private capital.
• How can North America learn from the mistakes in deploying capital in other markets? From the €130 billion of investment announced in the EU, only a fraction has reached a final investment decision.

• With shipping accounting for 3% of global emissions, this session will be a deep dive into a shipping company's drivers to decarbonise and how hydrogen and other fuel derivatives fit into this plan.
• Evaluating the alternative fuels options, including hydrogen and ammonia, and their relative advantages and challenges as zero-emission options for powering ships.
• Understanding the extent of retrofitting required for infrastructure at ports and on the ships themselves, especially in the context of the U.S. government's commitment to zero emissions by 2050.

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• Addressing the scarcity and challenges of obtaining grid connections, with a focus on the ten-year delays faced by an industry bursting with renewable projects.
• Navigating the intricate landscape of obtaining permits for green hydrogen projects, from site selection to environmental assessments, and the intricacies that can delay or derail initiatives.
• Delving into the lengthy bureaucratic processes in the US for energy connections, especially the complexities of navigating state and local government regulations for transmission lines.
• Exploring the logistics, feasibility, and implications of onsite hydrogen generation versus centralized production, considering factors like cost, efficiency, and scalability.

• Addressing the complexities of integrating hydrogen fuel cells into aircraft design, ensuring safety, efficiency, and performance while navigating weight and space constraints.
• Liquid hydrogen is identified as the most viable fuel source for Zero Emission Flight, and with the first small scale hydrogen-fueled services expected to be operational by 2024, airports will need to rapidly evolve their infrastructure to support hydrogen operations, ensuring safety and minimal service disruption.
• With the potential of hydrogen-powered aviation, we will look at the need for clear regulations and policies, especially concerning safety, infrastructure development, and integration with existing systems.

• Emphasizing the opportunity for green hydrogen to boost local energy access, especially in regions with high renewable energy endowments, and the role of voluntary energy compacts and CSR in achieving clean energy for all.
• Addressing the implications of green hydrogen on water security, land use, and food security, and the need for integrated socio-environmental impact assessments, pricing, and regulatory interventions to mitigate harmful impacts.
• A deep dive into how the North West Pacific Hydrogen hub are developing region-specific plans to align with state-level laws and federal initiatives like the Justice40, ensuring stakeholder and Tribal sovereign inclusion in the energy transformation.

• Highlighting ammonia's role in the US Department of Energy's initiatives to create "revenue certainty" for new hydrogen producers, ensuring commercial viability and attracting private investments.
• Exploring the broader use cases of ammonia beyond traditional sectors like fertilizers and export, and understanding its role in the decarbonization of various industries.
• Evaluating the potential of ammonia as a medium for transporting green hydrogen in the USA, and assessing its viability compared to other carriers.
• Addressing the specific safety concerns associated with ammonia, its storage, and transportation, and the regulatory measures in place to ensure safe operations.

• Comparing Hydrogen with batteries in long-haul trucking. Trucking is responsible for 7% of transportation emissions, but presents challenges for batteries due to weight and charging time. Hydrogen fuel cell trucks, with a refueling time of just ten minutes, are poised to outperform batteries for trips over 180 miles and payloads above 24,000 pounds.
• Analyzing the economic viability of hydrogen in trucking with the US Department of Energy predicting that by 2030, the total cost of ownership for long-haul hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will become competitive, especially with new production tax credits for clean hydrogen.
• Delving into the complexities of establishing fueling stations for hydrogen-powered trucks, weighing the pros and cons of on-site hydrogen production versus importing it.

• Unveiling the collaborative effort between S&P Global Commodity Insights and GTI Energy to enhance transparency in hydrogen's environmental impact.
• Discussing the projected growth in global hydrogen demand and the increasing need for transparent and standardized measurements of carbon intensity.
• Exploring the OHI toolkit's development process, its goals to characterize hydrogen production, and the expected launch of demonstration projects.

• Delving into the U.S. and Japanese corporate interests in hydrogen trade, with companies like Mitsubishi Heavy Industries considering proposals and the potential for converting green hydrogen into ammonia for easier transport.
• Addressing the logistics of hydrogen trade - from shipping to the classification of hydrogen as a commodity, and the implications for the global hydrogen market.
• Discussing the importance of partnerships between the U.S. and its allies, emphasizing energy security and the potential role of hydrogen in strengthening these ties.

• Exploring the physical storage of hydrogen as a gas or liquid, the challenges of low ambient temperature density, and the potential of advanced storage methods for higher energy density.
• Addressing safety concerns related to hydrogen release, and the regulations and strategies that will need to develop to ensure robust safety on projects.
• Highlighting the U.S. Department of Energy's (DOE) strategic pathways, including advanced pressure vessels, cold or cryo-compressed hydrogen storage, and materials-based storage technologies like sorbents and metal hydrides.
• Delving into the potential of low-cost geologic storage options such as salt caverns and depleted oil and gas reservoirs for seasonal hydrogen production.

• Discussing concerns over the 20.5 billion cubic meters of annual freshwater requirement for producing 2.3 Gt of hydrogen. How will this demand impact already stressed freshwater resources, especially in water-scarce regions?
• While reverse osmosis offers a solution by tapping into Earth's saltwater resources, what are the environmental and energy implications of large-scale desalination for hydrogen production?
• As the green hydrogen industry scales, how will the integration of desalination impact production costs? Can the industry maintain its competitive edge while ensuring sustainable water use?

• With hydrogen's potential to react explosively between 4% and 77% oxygen concentration, how can industries ensure fail-safe operations?
• Given hydrogen's propensity to leak due to its small molecular size, early leak detection becomes paramount. What advanced measures can be adopted to prevent potential hazards?
• In sectors like shipping, leaks at connector points in pipeline networks pose significant risks. How can these be effectively mitigated in extensive infrastructure setups?